What is reading fluency?
Reading fluency is the ability to read accurately, smoothly, at an appropriate speed and with expression. Fluent readers sound natural and effortless because word recognition becomes increasingly automatic.
The three key elements are prosody (intonation, expression and pauses), accuracy, and reading at an appropriate pace.
Why does it matter?
When reading feels fluent, children can focus on the meaning of a text instead of working out every individual word. That makes it easier to learn about new subjects, understand other people and enjoy reading more often.
Vocabulary, word recognition and comprehension all strengthen as fluency improves. A wider vocabulary also makes it easier to recognise words in a text, so the relationship works both ways.
Six practical ways to support fluency
- Choose engaging texts and let children help choose what they read.
- Read aloud regularly so children hear what fluent reading sounds like.
- Practise expression, pace and intonation together.
- Make time for reading, even if it is fifteen minutes at the end of the day.
- Create sociable reading moments by sharing recommendations and stories.
- Keep a word book so new vocabulary is recorded and revisited.
Vocabulary is part of the solution
Vocabulary activities at home or in the classroom give children more opportunities to meet and use new words. ChatterStars makes this practice feel little-and-often, with games and activities that help children remember what they learn.